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the energy level, or shell, of an atom that contains the valence electrons.
a measure of the bond energy of a chemical bond. A large amount of energy is needed to break a...
the reactant that is completely consumed and determines how much product can be formed.
the mass of a formula unit relative to one atomic mass unit.
a group of elements between the metals and the non-metals. They are semiconductors and have some...
reactions that cause the surroundings to cool. Heat is taken in.